G6pd deficiency and antimalarial efficacy for uncomplicated malaria in bangladesh. Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency is a hereditary condition in which red blood cells break down when the body is exposed to certain foods, drugs, infections or stress. These data are key to a rational drug policy for malaria elimination of. G6pd glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase hrp2 histidinerich protein 2 iptp intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy. May 28, 20 glucose6phosphatedehydrogenase deficiency g6pdd rates are unknown in malariainfected cambodian patients. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway see image, also known as the hmp shunt pathway. The existence of these genotypes is likely due to evolutionary pressure exerted by parasites of the genus plasmodium which cause malaria. The main adverse effect of primaquine is dosedependent haemolysis in glucose 6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency, the most common human enzymopathy. Prevalence of glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd. G6pd deficiency is particularly prevalent in parts of africa, the middle. G6pd deficiency is polymorphic, with more than 400 variants. Webinar presentation to support the dissemination of the policy brief. G6pd deficiency is a genetic abnormality that results in an inadequate amount of glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd in the blood. In newborns, symptoms may include neonatal jaundice, caused as a result of the breakdown of red blood cells.
Dec 22, 2009 in newborns, symptoms may include neonatal jaundice, caused as a result of the breakdown of red blood cells. We tested the associations between g6pd deficiency and severe and complicated plasmodium falciparum malaria through a casecontrol study of 2220 case and 3940 control children. Jul 09, 2009 glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency facts by john p. Testing for g6pd deficiency for safe use of primaquine. Mar, 2007 a casecontrol study in two populations in mali, west africa has shown that glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency is associated with significant protection against severe, life. Apr 30, 2012 malaria is a leading cause of mortality, particularly in subsaharan african children. Powerpoint is the worlds most popular presentation software which can let you create professional malaria powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. Free download malaria powerpoint presentation slides. Glucose 6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency is the most prevalent enzyme deficiency in the world. Malaria remains the worlds most devastating human parasitic infection.
G6pd deficiency can potentially protect against uncomplicated. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia autoimmune hemolytic anemia aiha is mediated by autoantibodies and further subdivided according to their maximal binding temperature. However, the status of g6pd deficiency in malaria patients has not been reported in the literature. Prompt and efficacious treatment is important as patients may progress within a few hours to severe and possibly fatal disease. Human genetic resistance to malaria refers to inherited changes in the dna of humans which increase resistance to malaria and result in increased survival of individuals with those genetic changes. G6pd deficiency is particularly prevalent in parts of africa, the middle east, and south asia, which are also regions of the world where malaria is endemic and consanguinity is high. G6pd deficiency differs from sickle cell anaemia in many ways. Malaria chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. G6pd deficiency leads to free radicalmediated oxidative damage to red blood cells, which in turn causes hemolysis.
Increasing levels of glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency are. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and the risk of. G6pd deficiency had been reported to associate with antimalarial drug. Ppt g6pd deficiency powerpoint presentation free to. In people with g6pd deficiency, consider giving primaquine base at 45 mg once a week for 8 weeks, with close medical.
There are about 400 million people do have g6pd deficiency. Countries where the prevalence of g6pd deficiency is known to be very low, and where g6pd testing is not currently considered. Prevalence of malaria and glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase. We did this study in kilifi county, kenya, where the g6pd c. Malaria presentation ppt free download as powerpoint presentation. Pdf glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and the risk. Guide to g6pd deficiency rapid diagnostic testing to. Association of glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency wikipedia. An epidemiologic critique of population and experimental studies lawrence s. Miscellaneous elements besides drugs that should be avoided. G6pd deficiency ver01032006 nomenclature based on inn. Association of g6pd deficiency with severe falciparum malaria. In africa, theres one g6pd deficient person per four people.
Fava beans some, but only some, prefer also to avoid red wine, henna see below, all legumes, blueberries also yogurts containing these. Characterisation of the opposing effects of g6pd deficiency on. Early phagocytosis of glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of g6pd deficiency in confirmed malaria patients in upper myanmar.
These are some of the drugs that are typically used for malaria treatment. Researchers believe that people who have a g6pd mutation may be partially protected against malaria, an infectious disease carried by a certain type of mosquito. This is a very important enzyme or protein that regulates. Malaria case management, consisting of early diagnosis and prompt. It was found that this drug can cause severe hemolytic anemia. Although the prevalence is high, the vast majority of people remain clinically asymptomatic throughout their lives. Xlinked mutations conferring varying degrees of g6pd deficiency are prevalent throughout malaria endemic regions. Malaria and glucose6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency as we mentioned above, there is a strong relationship between malaria and g6pd deficiency diseases. It occurs when a person is missing or has low levels of the enzyme glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase. Cytochemical detection of heterozygous g6pd deficiency in women.
Research article open access prevalence of glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency among malaria patients in upper myanmar jinyoung lee1,5, tae im kim1,6, jungmi kang1,2, hojong jun3,huong giang le1,2,th. Testing for g6pd deficiency for safe use of primaquine in. The global prevalence of xlinked glucose6phosphate. We investigated the relationships between g6pd deficiency and both malaria and. From september 20102012, a twoyear survey of g6pdd and haemoglobinopathies assessed by quantitative enzyme activity assay and haemoglobin electrophoresis. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and the risk. First evaluation of glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency in vivax malaria endemic regions in the republic of korea.
A prospective observational study article pdf available in plos one 114. Although the prevalence is high, the vast majority of people remain. However, primaquine is known to cause severe haemolytic anaemia in people who. Who, estimates that there are 350 500 million cases of malaria worldwide. G6pd enzyme deficiency is the most common enzyme defect. In areas in which malaria is endemic, g6pd deficiency has a prevalence of 5% to 25%. Expected benefits on two levels individual benefits decreased morbidity due to pv po relapses reduced risk to develop aha in g6pd deficient patients public health benefits fewer cases of pv po relapse and aha will unburden the health system through a decreased need for malaria and aha management including blood transfusion services. G6pd deficiency g6pd deficiency is a common, xlinked reduction in the activity of glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd, which makes erythrocytes susceptible to oxidative stress and usually causes acute hemolytic anemia in response to a trigger. Malaria is a leading cause of mortality, particularly in subsaharan african children. Sep 22, 2015 g6pd deficiency differs from sickle cell anaemia in many ways. G6pd deficiency is one of the most common forms of enzyme deficiency and is believed to affect more than 400 million people worldwide. This fact supports the protection hypothesis against malaria. Dec 10, 2017 these are some of the drugs that are typically used for malaria treatment.
Impaired growth of parasites in g6pddeficient e in vitro has been reported in some studies, but not in others. The mechanism of action may interfere with synthesis of rna, dna and proteins. In 2700 bc, several characteristic symptoms of what would later be named, malaria were described in the nei ching. It is highly effective against the gametocytes of all plasmodia and thereby prevents spread of. Use of primaquine and glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase. Primaquine phosphate has 2 distinct uses for malaria prevention in people with normal g6pd levels see cautionary note below. Prompt and efficacious treatment is important as patients may progress within a few hours to severe and. The geographical distribution of g6pd deficiency corresponds to regions of the world where malaria is. Malaria symptoms can develop as early as 7 days after being bitten by an infectious mosquito in a malaria endemic area and as late as several months or more after exposure. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency, an xlinked disorder, is the most common enzymatic disorder of red blood cells in humans, affecting more than 400 million. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency genetic and. This helps you give your presentation on malaria in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations. Some g6pd deficient individuals are allergic to fava beans and the smell of the fava pollen. However, they are either contraindicated in g6pd patients, high risk, possibly dose restricted, not indicated for.
G6pd deficiency is a genetic disorder that most often affects males. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency overlaps with malaria endemicity although it predisposes carriers to hemolysis. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency is a xchromosomally transmitted disorder of the erythrocyte that affects 400 million people worldwide. First, g6pd deficiency is not on its own a generally serious disease. Frequency of glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd mutations in chinese, filipinos, and laotians from hawaii. G6pd deficiency as protection against falciparum malaria. G6pd deficient people should not eat fava beans or take drugs. Primaquine is the essential codrug with chloroquine in treating all cases of malaria. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency is the most prevalent enzymopathy in mankind. It is highly effective against the gametocytes of all plasmodia and thereby prevents spread of the disease to the mosquito from the patient. Presentations ppt, key, pdf logging in or signing up. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among malaria. First, g6pd deficiency is not on its own a generally serious.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of g6pd deficiency in confirmed malaria patients in. Diagnosis and management of g6pd deficiency american. However, primaquine is known to cause severe haemolytic anaemia in people who are g6pd deficient. Link between g6pd deficiency and malaria phg foundation. Malaria presentation ppt malaria medical specialties. Implementation of g6pd testing and radical cure in p. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency mcmaster. Association of glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria ncbi. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency also called g6pd deficiency is a genetic disorder. The explanation we are offering for protection against malaria by g6pd deficiency is based on preferential. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency genetics. However, this is not very likely, because a this has not happened in any population, even with holoendemic malaria as in nigeria, and b both p.
Greene department of anthropology and the biology of human populations program, university of massachusetts, boston 02125, and boston sickle cell center and the department of pediatrics, boston city hospital. Mar 02, 2009 h alfway through the previous century, the anti malaria drug primaquine was introduced. Plasmodium ovale malaria and g6pd deficiency plasmodium ovale is a form of malaria endemic to subsaharan africa and the western pacific. Chlorproguanildapsoneartesunate cda was a promising artemisininbased combination therapy act, but its development was prematurely stopped because of safety concerns secondary. Pdf glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency. Apr 02, 2020 g6pd deficiency leads to free radicalmediated oxidative damage to red blood cells, which in turn causes hemolysis. It also protects them from substances in the blood that could harm them. In 1956, carson and colleagues discovered that the hemolytic anemia was caused by glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency alving et al. The classical presentation of malaria is fever cycles associated with chills and rigors, although these are seen only in 50 70% of patients with. Primaquine kills the liver stages, known as hypnozoites, of these forms of malaria, preventing relapse of infection later on. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency facts by john p. Red blood cell breakdown may be triggered by infections, certain medication, stress, or foods such as fava beans. It is an xlinked recessive disorder that results in defective glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme. It happens when the body doesnt have enough of an enzyme called glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd.
About 8% of people exposed to malaria have an inherited disorder. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. A casecontrol study in two populations in mali, west africa has shown that glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd deficiency is associated with significant protection against severe. These data are key to a rational drug policy for malaria elimination of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. It is highly effective against the gametocytes of all.
It is also effective against the dormant tissue forms of p. Dec 03, 2018 g6pd deficiency is a genetic abnormality that results in an inadequate amount of glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd in the blood. The biggest problem is the rapid spread of drug resistant malarial strains. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency nord national. Diagnosis and management of g6pd deficiency american family. G6pd deficiency in plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. As with primaquine, the most important risk of tafenoquine is hemolytic anemia in people who are g6pd deficient. It is an xlinked disorder with high prevalence particularly in people of.
Malaria chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. We systematically searched pubmed up to may 22, 2015, for original research articles investigating the relationship between g6pd deficiency and malaria, using the term glucose6. Ppt antimalarial drugs powerpoint presentation free to. A total of 50 out of 252 enrolled malaria patients were determined to have g6pd deficiency with several different genetic. Who library cataloguinginpublication data guidelines for the treatment of malaria 3rd edition. The symptoms of malaria were described in ancient chinese medical writings. Glucose6phosphatedehydrogenase deficiency g6pdd rates are unknown in malariainfected cambodian patients. G6pd deficiency is associated with significant protection. The first case of a class i glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase. It is an xlinked disorder with high prevalence particularly in people of african, asian, and mediterranean descent. However, they are either contraindicated in g6pd patients, high risk, possibly dose restricted, not indicated for prophylactic treatment. Dehydrogenase deficiency in malariaendemic southwestern. Glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among malaria patients of honduras.
993 1068 660 983 626 1012 193 1244 970 99 1575 1189 1378 906 1051 876 375 869 1506 665 807 1111 1392 1117 871 431 410 1451 1138 697 1120 882 1408 546 57